Obesity  and Malnutrition
Or
Foods that Trigger Obesity and  Foods that Combat Obesity
 
At this time of year many people become aware that their weight is more than they would like. Obesity is a serious problem in New Zealand today; causing heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and cancer.
Did you know that people who are obese are suffering from malnutrition? It is not simply that obesity is caused by too much food; although the quantity of food does play a part. But more that the wrong type of food can cause obesity. A switch to a diet high in nutrients can combat obesity.
A diet with plenty of protein; as whole food such as fish, meat, nuts (not protein powder),  fruit , vegetables, beans and wholegrains is unlikely to result in obesity. Including liberal amounts of olive oil with your food is also less likely to result in obesity. That is not a misprint. Not all fats are bad and cold pressed olive oil can be a huge boost to your health. No human can live without fats in their diet but all can live, generally very well with no added sugars.
The nutrients that have been found to be most helpful to decrease obesity include the B vitamins especially folic acid Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B6. These are found in nuts, meats, wholegrains and beans. Also found in these food are iron, magnesium and zinc which are equally needed to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Other useful minerals are copper, manganese, selenium, potassium, and fatty acids.
Heading the list of the type of food that causes obesity are foods high in (poor quality) fats and sugars. Either poor quality fats or sugar can cause obesity, but research shows that eating fats and sugars at the same time may be the biggest trigger in causing addictive eating or binging. This means food such as chocolate, cakes, muffins and biscuits (all high in fats and sugar) can trigger episodes of overeating. It is not just the calorie content of say one piece of chocolate. The easiest way to think of this is to compare the effect for an alcoholic of one glass of wine, which it itself may not be a problem; but it provides the trigger for drinking several bottles of alcohol is a problem.
Other foods that directly cause obesity are refined (white) grains, high fructose corn syrup and poor quality overheated fats.

References
 

1.            Drewnowski, A. and N. Darmon, The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost. Am J Clin Nutr, 2005. 82(1): p. 265S-273.

2.            Schroder, H., et al., Adherence to the Traditional Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated with Body Mass Index and Obesity in a Spanish Population. J. Nutr., 2004. 134(12): p. 3355-3361.

3.            Newby, P.K., K.L. Tucker, and A. Wolk, Risk of overweight and obesity among semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women. Am J Clin Nutr, 2005. 81(6): p. 1267-1274. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/6/1267

4.            Ledikwe, J.H., et al., Nutritional risk assessment and obesity in rural older adults: a sex difference. Am J Clin Nutr, 2003. 77(3): p. 551-558. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/3/551

5.            Brand-Miller, J.C., et al., Glycemic index and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr, 2002. 76(1): p. 281S-285. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/76/1/281S

6.            Kuhnlein, H.V., et al., Arctic Indigenous Peoples Experience the Nutrition Transition with Changing Dietary Patterns and Obesity. J. Nutr., 2004. 134(6): p. 1447-1453. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/134/6/1447

7.            Merchant, A.T., et al., Protein Intake Is Inversely Associated with Abdominal Obesity in a Multi-Ethnic Population. J. Nutr., 2005. 135(5): p. 1196-1201. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/135/5/1196

8.            St-Onge, M.-P., Dietary fats, teas, dairy, and nuts: potential functional foods for weight control? Am J Clin Nutr, 2005. 81(1): p. 7-15. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/1/7

9.            Orgaard, A. and L. Jensen, The Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Obesity. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2008. 233(9): p. 1066-1080. http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/233/9/1066

10.          St-Onge, M.-P. and P.J.H. Jones, Physiological Effects of Medium-Chain Triglycerides: Potential Agents in the Prevention of Obesity. J. Nutr., 2002. 132(3): p. 329-332. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/132/3/329

11.          St-Onge, M.-P. and A. Bosarge, Weight-loss diet that includes consumption of medium-chain triacylglycerol oil leads to a greater rate of weight and fat mass loss than does olive oil. Am J Clin Nutr, 2008. 87(3): p. 621-626. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/3/621

12.          Hughes, L.A.E., et al., Higher dietary flavone, flavonol, and catechin intakes are associated with less of an increase in BMI over time in women: a longitudinal analysis from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr, 2008. 88(5): p. 1341-1352. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/5/1341

13.          Corwin, R.L. and P.S. Grigson, Symposium Overview. Food Addiction: Fact or Fiction? J. Nutr., 2009: p. jn.108.097691. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/jn.108.097691v1

14.          Fulgoni, V., III, High-fructose corn syrup: everything you wanted to know, but were afraid to ask. Am J Clin Nutr, 2008. 88(6): p. 1715S-. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/6/1715S

15.          Guallar-Castillon, P., et al., Intake of fried foods is associated with obesity in the cohort of Spanish adults from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007. 86(1): p. 198-205. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/1/198

16.          Bray, G.A., S.J. Nielsen, and B.M. Popkin, Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004. 79(4): p. 537-543. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/79/4/537

17.          Halsted, C.H., Perspectives on obesity and sweeteners, folic acid fortification and vitamin D requirements. Fam. Pract., 2008. 25(suppl_1): p. i44-49. http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/suppl_1/i44

 

 







 

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